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The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations. | The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations. | ||
* | * '' ' '' appears at the beginning of words that are proper nouns - it is not pronounced in any way. This is the only time it should appear at the beginning of a word. | ||
Revision as of 23:20, 13 January 2018
Phonology Inventory
Consonants
Stops
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| b | /b/ |
| p | /p/ |
| d | /d/ |
| t | /t/ |
| g | /g/ |
| k | /k/ |
| ' | /ʔ/ |
Affricates
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| dz | /d͡z/ |
| ts | /t͡s/ |
Fricatives
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| v | /v/ |
| f | /f/ |
| z | /z/ |
| s | /s/ |
| lz | /ɮ/ |
| lh | /ɬ/ |
| zh | /ʒ/ |
| sh | /ʃ/ |
| x | /x/ |
Nasals
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| m | /m/ |
| n | /n/ |
Liquid/Tap
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| l | /l/ |
| r | /ɾ/ |
Vowels
Monophthongs
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| i | /i/ |
| u | /u/ |
| e | /e/ |
| o | /o/ |
| a | /ɑ/ |
| ' | /ə/ |
Diphthongs
Rising
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| ja | /ja/ |
| ju | /ju/ |
| wa | /wa/ |
| wi | /wi/ |
Falling
| Rom. | IPA |
|---|---|
| aj | /aj/ |
| aw | /aw/ |
Phonotactics
Syllable Shape
Syllables are (C)V(C). However, CVC only appears word finally (except in loanwords).
Consonant Rules
- ' only appears word-medially, between two consonants (as a syllable nucleus, where it is pronounced as the vowel /ə/) or between two vowels (as an onset, where it is pronounced /ʔ/).
- Intervocalic obstruents are voiced (and are written as such). The only exception is in loanwords.
Consonant Clusters
- Consonant clusters only occur in loanwords and even then never occur word finally.
- Word-medial consonant clusters are always modified so that all consonants are voiced.
- In morphological operations, if consonant clusters are created, ' is inserted to break up the cluster.
Vowel Rules
- Vowel hiatus is not allowed between identical monophthong vowels - ' is inserted. Word-medially this is written. Across word boundries, the sound is often inserted, but never written. Vowel hiatus is allowed between identical diphthongs.
- In terms of vowel hiatus, a diphthong followed by a monophthong that is identical to the final sound of the diphthong counts as an identical vowel.
- In morphological operations, if identical vowels are put in sequence, ' is inserted to break up the hiatus.
- ' never appears in a stressed syllable.
Stress
Stress is lexical, and does not shift due to morphological operations.
Diphthong Reduplication
When reduplication of a vowel is called for by a morphological operation, only the main vowel is reduplicated, not the semi-vowel.
Orthography Notes
The orthography is mostly just a simple phonemic romanization. There are a few variations.
- ' appears at the beginning of words that are proper nouns - it is not pronounced in any way. This is the only time it should appear at the beginning of a word.
